Nepal should remain a federal democratic republic.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “UML is firmly committed to federal democratic republicanism.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Nepali Congress is a principal architect and defender of the federal democratic republic.”
Nepal should restore a constitutional monarchy.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly DisagreeParty Manifesto “Strongly opposes monarchy restoration.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly DisagreeParty Manifesto “Firmly supports republican system established after 2006.”
Nepal should shift from a parliamentary system to a directly elected presidential system.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports parliamentary system but has discussed executive stability reforms.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Strong historical commitment to parliamentary democracy.”
The federal system should be dissolved and replaced with a unitary system.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly DisagreeParty Manifesto “Supports full implementation of federal constitution.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly DisagreeParty Manifesto “Supports full implementation of federalism.”
The number of provinces should be reduced.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“No official reduction proposal.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No formal proposal to change provincial number.”
The number of Provincial Assembly members should be reduced.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Focus on effective functioning rather than downsizing.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Focus on efficiency rather than structural downsizing.”
The number of provincial government employees should be reduced.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Emphasis on efficiency reforms rather than structural cuts.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Emphasis on administrative reform, not blanket reduction.”
Provincial governments should receive greater fiscal autonomy and taxation powers.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports effective fiscal federalism.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports strengthening federal fiscal arrangements.”
The proportional representation system should be significantly reduced in favor of direct elections.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports mixed electoral system.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Defends inclusive mixed electoral system.”
There should be a constitutional limit preventing anyone from becoming Prime Minister more than twice.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“No formal term-limit agenda.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No explicit term-limit agenda.”
A right-to-recall system should allow voters to remove elected representatives before the end of their term.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports accountability but no recall mechanism proposed.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports accountability but no recall mechanism proposed.”
Nepal should remain a secular state as defined in the constitution.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Officially supports secular constitution.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Firm commitment to secular constitutional order.”
Nepal should be declared a Hindu state.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Some internal cultural debates exist, but official position supports secularism.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly DisagreeParty Manifesto “Opposes religious state model.”
The state should treat all religions equally without preference.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Supports constitutional equality.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Supports pluralism and equal treatment.”
Religious conversion activities should be more strictly regulated.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“National interest framing supports stricter regulation.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No specific restrictive policy proposed.”
Nepali-born citizens should retain Nepali citizenship even after acquiring foreign nationality.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Balanced approach to dual citizenship.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports diaspora engagement and connection.”
Non-Resident Nepalis should be allowed dual citizenship with political rights.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Moderate diaspora engagement stance.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Generally supportive of diaspora participation.”
Nepali women married to foreign citizens should pass citizenship to their children without additional conditions.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Balanced constitutional interpretation.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports gender equality in citizenship rights.”
Citizenship laws should prioritize national security over ease of access.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“National security considerations emphasized.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Balanced constitutional approach.”
The private sector should lead job creation in Nepal.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports private sector growth alongside state planning.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Promotes wealth creation and private sector-led growth.”
Strategic sectors like energy and transport should remain under state control.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong state role in strategic industries.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports mixed economy model.”
Inefficient state-owned enterprises should be privatized.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Prefers reform and restructuring over wholesale privatization.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports reform and restructuring of public enterprises.”
High-income individuals should be taxed at significantly higher rates.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports progressive taxation.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports progressive taxation under social democratic framework.”
The government should provide direct income support to low-income households.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports welfare expansion.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports social protection programs.”
Nepal should actively attract large-scale foreign direct investment.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports FDI under national safeguards.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Economic growth vision depends on investment and global integration.”
Foreign ownership in key national industries should be restricted.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Prefers safeguards in strategic sectors.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Balanced FDI approach without blanket restriction.”
Labor unions should have stronger legal protections.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong historical labor alignment.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports labor rights within democratic socialism.”
Farmers should receive direct income subsidies from the government.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports farmer subsidies and agricultural modernization.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports farmers and agricultural modernization.”
Agricultural imports should be restricted when domestic production is sufficient.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports domestic production protection.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Balanced agricultural trade policy.”
Land reform policies should be expanded to reduce land ownership inequality.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Historically supportive of land reform measures.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports equity but not radical land redistribution.”
Cooperatives should play a major role in the rural economy.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong cooperative movement roots.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Historically supportive of cooperative movement.”
Improving public school quality should be the top education priority.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports strengthening public education.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Education central to Vision 10.”
Private schools should face stricter government regulation.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports regulation for equality.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports regulatory balance in education.”
Technical and vocational education should be expanded nationwide.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Employment-focused education expansion.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports skill-based employment.”
Universities should be free from political party influence.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports reform but no explicit depoliticization mechanism.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports institutional reform but no radical depoliticization mechanism proposed.”
Basic healthcare services should be free for all citizens.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports expansion of universal health services.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports universal access to healthcare.”
The government should regulate fees charged by private hospitals.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports health service regulation.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports regulation to ensure access.”
Health insurance should be expanded primarily through a national public system.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports national health insurance expansion.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports expanding national health coverage.”
Affirmative action policies should continue to promote inclusion.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong commitment to inclusion.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong commitment to inclusion and proportional representation.”
Reservation policies should be periodically reviewed and restructured.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“No major restructuring agenda.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No major restructuring agenda.”
Same-sex marriage should be legally recognized.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“No explicit national manifesto stance.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No explicit position in manifesto.”
Inter-caste marriage couples should receive special state protection.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports social equality.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports social equality and anti-discrimination.”
Anti-corruption bodies should operate independently from government influence.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports anti-corruption enforcement.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong emphasis on rule of law and clean governance.”
Politicians should publicly disclose their assets annually.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports transparency reforms.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports transparency reforms.”
A formal "No Vote" option in elections should carry legal consequences.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“No explicit no-vote stance.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No explicit no-vote mechanism proposed.”
Nepal should maintain balanced relations with both India and China.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Strong balanced diplomacy stance.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Supports balanced foreign relations.”
Nepal should avoid joining foreign military alliances.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports non-aligned policy.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Maintains independent foreign policy tradition.”
Major infrastructure projects should prioritize national sovereignty over foreign financing convenience.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “National sovereignty prioritized.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Emphasizes national interest and sovereignty.”
Waste management should be treated as a national priority.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports urban modernization.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports modern environmental governance.”
Hydropower development should move forward even if it requires environmental trade-offs.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Strong hydropower expansion but within regulatory framework.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports hydropower but within environmental safeguards.”
Local governments should be held accountable for waste segregation and recycling.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports accountability.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports accountability under rule of law.”
Nepali individuals and businesses should be allowed justified online payments abroad.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports digital modernization.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports modernization of financial systems.”
Foreign digital payments should be made easier to receive in Nepal.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports export-oriented growth.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports global economic integration.”
Nepal should modernize its foreign exchange and digital payment regulations.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports financial modernization.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports digital modernization.”
Foreign-funded NGOs should face stricter transparency requirements.
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Supports transparency across institutions.”
NGOs should be more strictly regulated by the government.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Balanced regulatory stance.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“Balanced regulatory stance.”
Tourism should be treated as a major national economic priority.
Khimlal Bhattarai
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Supports tourism expansion for growth.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
Strongly AgreeParty Manifesto “Tourism contributes to prosperity and employment.”
Nepal should invest heavily in sports infrastructure, especially cricket.
Khimlal Bhattarai
“Supports sports as national pride and youth engagement.”
Bharat Kumar Shah
“No major sports infrastructure agenda highlighted.”
