“UML is firmly committed to federal democratic republicanism.”

“Nepali Congress is a principal architect and defender of the federal democratic republic.”

“Strongly opposes monarchy restoration.”

“Firmly supports republican system established after 2006.”

“Supports parliamentary system but has discussed executive stability reforms.”

“Strong historical commitment to parliamentary democracy.”

“Supports full implementation of federal constitution.”

“Supports full implementation of federalism.”

“No official reduction proposal.”

“No formal proposal to change provincial number.”

“Focus on effective functioning rather than downsizing.”

“Focus on efficiency rather than structural downsizing.”

“Emphasis on efficiency reforms rather than structural cuts.”

“Emphasis on administrative reform, not blanket reduction.”

“Supports effective fiscal federalism.”

“Supports strengthening federal fiscal arrangements.”

“Supports mixed electoral system.”

“Defends inclusive mixed electoral system.”

“No formal term-limit agenda.”

“No explicit term-limit agenda.”

“Supports accountability but no recall mechanism proposed.”

“Supports accountability but no recall mechanism proposed.”

“Officially supports secular constitution.”

“Firm commitment to secular constitutional order.”

“Some internal cultural debates exist, but official position supports secularism.”

“Opposes religious state model.”

“Supports constitutional equality.”

“Supports pluralism and equal treatment.”

“National interest framing supports stricter regulation.”

“No specific restrictive policy proposed.”

“Balanced approach to dual citizenship.”

“Supports diaspora engagement and connection.”

“Moderate diaspora engagement stance.”

“Generally supportive of diaspora participation.”

“Balanced constitutional interpretation.”

“Supports gender equality in citizenship rights.”

“National security considerations emphasized.”

“Balanced constitutional approach.”

“Supports private sector growth alongside state planning.”

“Promotes wealth creation and private sector-led growth.”

“Strong state role in strategic industries.”

“Supports mixed economy model.”

“Prefers reform and restructuring over wholesale privatization.”

“Supports reform and restructuring of public enterprises.”

“Supports progressive taxation.”

“Supports progressive taxation under social democratic framework.”

“Supports welfare expansion.”

“Supports social protection programs.”

“Supports FDI under national safeguards.”

“Economic growth vision depends on investment and global integration.”

“Prefers safeguards in strategic sectors.”

“Balanced FDI approach without blanket restriction.”

“Strong historical labor alignment.”

“Supports labor rights within democratic socialism.”

“Supports farmer subsidies and agricultural modernization.”

“Supports farmers and agricultural modernization.”

“Supports domestic production protection.”

“Balanced agricultural trade policy.”

“Historically supportive of land reform measures.”

“Supports equity but not radical land redistribution.”

“Strong cooperative movement roots.”

“Historically supportive of cooperative movement.”

“Supports strengthening public education.”

“Education central to Vision 10.”

“Supports regulation for equality.”

“Supports regulatory balance in education.”

“Employment-focused education expansion.”

“Supports skill-based employment.”

“Supports reform but no explicit depoliticization mechanism.”

“Supports institutional reform but no radical depoliticization mechanism proposed.”

“Supports expansion of universal health services.”

“Supports universal access to healthcare.”

“Supports health service regulation.”

“Supports regulation to ensure access.”

“Supports national health insurance expansion.”

“Supports expanding national health coverage.”

“Strong commitment to inclusion.”

“Strong commitment to inclusion and proportional representation.”

“No major restructuring agenda.”

“No major restructuring agenda.”

“No explicit national manifesto stance.”

“No explicit position in manifesto.”

“Supports social equality.”

“Supports social equality and anti-discrimination.”

“Supports anti-corruption enforcement.”

“Strong emphasis on rule of law and clean governance.”

“Supports transparency reforms.”

“Supports transparency reforms.”

“No explicit no-vote stance.”

“No explicit no-vote mechanism proposed.”

“Strong balanced diplomacy stance.”

“Supports balanced foreign relations.”

“Supports non-aligned policy.”

“Maintains independent foreign policy tradition.”

“National sovereignty prioritized.”

“Emphasizes national interest and sovereignty.”

“Supports urban modernization.”

“Supports modern environmental governance.”

“Strong hydropower expansion but within regulatory framework.”

“Supports hydropower but within environmental safeguards.”

“Supports accountability.”

“Supports accountability under rule of law.”

“Supports digital modernization.”

“Supports modernization of financial systems.”

“Supports export-oriented growth.”

“Supports global economic integration.”

“Supports financial modernization.”

“Supports digital modernization.”

“Supports transparency.”

“Supports transparency across institutions.”

“Balanced regulatory stance.”

“Balanced regulatory stance.”

“Supports tourism expansion for growth.”

“Tourism contributes to prosperity and employment.”

“Supports sports as national pride and youth engagement.”

“No major sports infrastructure agenda highlighted.”